General Biochemistry II

This is a survey of the physical and chemical factors that affect biochemical systems. Emphasis will be on water, solutions, acids, bases, pH, buffers, and their effects on cellular activities.  Other topics include chemical kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemical and redox reactions in relation to cellular energy transactions. Acidity and alkalinity: pH and pKa values and their effects on cellular activities; Buffers. Biological oxidations and bioenergetics; Gibb’s equation, chemical coupling, phosphrylations, ATP and NADPH cycles; Metabolism, Introduction to metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.